Touristic escapism is a term FIU researchers have developed to refer to the time when tourists - away from their homes, cultural norms and daily life –take a break from their reality, which may lead to behaviors beyond their daily routines or lives. This could be anything from windsurfing or hiking for the first time, skydiving, or partaking in risky behaviors like taking drugs or unsafe sex.
Researchers from FIU’s Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center (KG-LACC), the School of International and Public Affairs and the Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work have conducted an ethnographic study on how touristic escapism affected the health vulnerability of male tourism workers in the Dominican Republic (D.R.), a country with one of the largest tourism industries in the Caribbean. This study found that there is a link between the tourist’s risk behavior and the health risks that the local industry workers face.
In destinations where the GDP relies heavily on tourism, the tourism industry can have a dangerous effect on the local population, particularly when tourists can bring sexually transmitted diseases or engage in risk behavior while on vacation. Studies have reported significantly higher levels of sexual risk behaviors among tourists while they are on vacation in comparison to their home communities and a lower use of risk reduction behaviors, such as condom use.
Overall, their findings highlighted the fact that these workers may accrue greater health risks because of what their work exposes them to, including drugs and sexual encounters. Men who engage in informal solicited sex with male tourists, locally known as “bugarrones” in the D.R., report tourists’ requests unprotected sex in exchange for higher pay, a practice that workers may accept out of economic need.
“One of our participants, a taxi driver, explained that he puts himself at risk every time a tourist uses his services to buy drugs as he is, obviously, the one driving them to a drug dealer,” said Jose Colón Burgos, postdoctoral associate with The Center for Research on U.S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA) at Stempel College, one of the researchers in the study. “Another participant explained how extended stay tourists, who visit the island for several months, will sometimes form relationships and after a short time, the ‘couple’ no longer uses condoms, and this can be a very risky behavior for both members of the relationship.”
The study found that the tourists’ perception of lawlessness encouraged risky behaviors that are putting workers in the tourism industry at risk – both legally and in relation to their health. Asymmetrical policing in tourism destinations, where tourists can get away with behaviors that are illegal while locals face legal persecution, can lead to stark disparities that directly affect the local population.
“The research is a significant contribution to the public health literature because it helps to define more precisely what touristic escapism is, from the perspective of local industry workers themselves,” concluded Mark Padilla, principal investigator and Professor at Steven J. Green School of International & Public Affairs.
The Syndemic Project was funded by National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and directed by Padilla. A collaborative effort, the study also included Project Director and Community Researcher Dr. Armando Matiz, Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center and Co-investigator Dr. Nelson Varas, professor at the Steven J. Green School of International & Public Affairs, and Co-investigator Torsten Neilands at the University of California, San Francisco.
To read the full study, click here .